PDF datasheets: ASIC Altera Xilinx Related information: News Releases 01/31/05 CAST Introduces the First Lossless JPEG (LJPEG) IP Cores 06/13/05 Creo Uses CAST IP Cores in Advanced Leaf Aptus Digital Camera Backs Technology Info See the JPEG entry at Wikipadia. For more information: contact Sales @ CAST Customer applications: Creo (now Kodak) uses this core for fast, full-fidelity photo capture in their high-end Leaf® Aptus digital camera backs for professional photographers.

LJPEG-E Lossless JPEG Encoder Core

On this page: Description | Implementation Results | Features | Applications | Block Diagram | Functional Description | Support | Verification | Deliverables

The LJPEG-E core implements the Lossless JPEG (LJPEG) compression in a compact, high-performance, stand-alone package ideal for applications where bit-by-bit accurate reproduction of an image is essential.

The LJPEG-E conforms to the spatial (sequential) lossless encoding mode (SOF3) of the ISO/IEC 10918-1 standard (CCITT T81 recommendation). Rather than the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) functions used for lossy JPEG compression - which can introduce round-off errors - the LJPEG-E employs a predictor function as described in the specification. It thus encodes and compresses images with no information loss, and requires a significantly smaller physical implementation.

Evaluation designs show that the core requires just 21K gates in an ASIC. Its heavily optimized architecture also enables very high performance, reaching 500 MSamples/sec on 0.09µ process (under typical process and operating conditions).

The LJPEG-E is a fully synchronous, strictly positive-edge design with no internal three-state buffers. Comprehensive documentation and a complete verification environment - including a bit-accurate model - help designers integrate and verify the core.

See representative implementation results (each in a new pop-up window):

Features

• Conforms to the spatial (sequential) lossless encoding mode (SOF3) of the ISO/IEC 10918-1 standard (CCITT T81 recommendation).
• Standalone operation.
• Pixel samples input.
• Standalone ISO/IEC 10918-1 JPEG stream output.
• Easily programmable through standard JPEG markers stream.
• Programmable image dimensions.
• Full range sample precision support (2 to 16 bits per sample)
• Up to four stream programmable Huffman tables.
• Programmable Restart Interval.
• Programmable Point Transform function.
• Programmable APPn and COM markers.
• Programming errors catch-up features.
• Compact, high-performance architecture.
• 21K gates achieving 500 MSamples/sec (0.09µ ASIC) under typical process and operating conditions.
• Also fits inexpensive FPGAs (see FPGA version datasheets)
• Robust and simple to use
• General purpose, fully stallable, streaming I/O interfaces.

Limitations with respect to the ISO/IEC 10918-1 standard:

• Up to three image-components are supported (Nf field of the SOF3 marker segment = 1 or 2 or 3).
• Single scan encoding (only one SOS marker segment, with Ns field = Nf).
• No DNL marker insertion (Y field of the SOF3 marker segment > 0).
• Fixed parameters.
• No sub-sampling (Hi and Vi fields of the SOF3 marker segment = 1).
• Prediction function is fixed to the left-hand predictor, predictor 1. (Ss field of SOS marker segment = 1).

Applications

The LJPEG-E provides a fast, economical solution whenever lossless image compression is essential, including applications such as:

• Medical, military, and space imaging.
• Professional, studio-quality cameras and editing suites.
• High-end film and photo scanners.
• Industrial machine vision systems.

Block Diagram

Functional Description

Lossless JPEG was added to the ITU-T JPEG recommendations in 1995. The JPEG lossless mode of operation does not use the 2D-DCT that is used in the lossy mode, since round-off errors prevent a 2D-DCT calculation from being lossless. For the same reason, one would not normally use color space conversion or down-sampling, although these are permitted by the standard.

The lossless mode of the standard codes the difference between each pixel and the "predicted" value for the pixel. The predicted value is a function of the already-transmitted pixels just above and to the left of the current one (eight different predictor functions are defined in the standard). The sequence of the calculated differences (prediction errors) is encoded using the same back end (Huffman or arithmetic) used in the lossy mode. The LJPEG-E core implements the predictor 1 function of the standard, and the Huffman coding back end.

The LJPEG-E core is initially configured using standard JPEG marker segments from the configuration stream input interface. It is configured for frame properties using a standard SOF3 marker segment. Huffman tables that will be used for encoding are programmed through one or more DHT segments. If the restart interval and/or point transform functions are required, they are programmed through the standard DRI and SOS marker segments respectively. If the application needs to use comment and/or application markers, then these are programmed using COM and/or APPn segments and the LJPEG-E will include them in the output stream.

Following initial configuration, the LJPEG-E is ready to accept and encode image frames. Pixel data are written to the core through the pixel input interface and the compressed data are output through the JPEG stream output interface. Configuration can remain constant between consecutive frames or it can change to meet specific frame requirements. In the compressed output stream, the LJPEG-E includes all the necessary markers so that the produced stream is a full, standalone JPEG stream that can be decoded by any ISO/IEC 10918-1 compliant lossless JPEG decoder.

Support

The LJPEG-E core as delivered is warranted against defects for ninety days from purchase. Thirty days of phone and email technical support are included, starting with the first interaction. Additional maintenance and support options are available.

Verification

The LJPEG-E core has been verified through extensive simulation using a large set of test vectors and reference results, and through rigorous code coverage measurements.

Deliverables

The core is available in ASIC (synthesizable HDL) and FPGA (netlist) forms, and includes everything required for successful implementation:

• HDL RTL source code (ASICs) or post-synthesis EDIF netlist (FPGAs)
• A bit-accurate model (BAM) including custom vector generation support, and a software library of the bit accurate model functions
• Sophisticated self-checking Testbench (Verilog versions use Verilog 2001) including test vectors, expected results, and verification engine
• Simulation script
• Synthesis script (ASICs) or place and route script (FPGAs)
• Comprehensive user documentation, including detailed specifications and a system integration guide

On this page: Description | Implementation Results | Features | Applications | Block Diagram | Functional Description | Support | Verification | Deliverables

Download PDF datasheets for more info: ASIC | Altera | Xilinx

  This core developed by the multimedia experts at Alma Technologies S.A.